We would like to take some time and share some information about a very common but little known killer of large breed dogs: bloat, or ”Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus” (“GDV”). Alaskan Malamutes are on the list of dogs susceptible to this killer, which is listed as the second highest killer of dogs after cancer. We are not an authoritative source, your veterinarian is, but we do want to make sure our owner and prospective owners are aware of the terrible problem.
Bloating of the stomach is often related to swallowed air (although food and fluid can also be present). It usually happens when there’s an abnormal accumulation of air, fluid, and/or foam in the stomach (“gastric dilatation”). Stress can be a significant contributing factor also. Bloat can occur with or without “volvulus” (twisting). As the stomach swells, it may rotate 90° to 360°, twisting between its fixed attachments at the esophagus (food tube) and at the duodenum (the upper intestine). The twisting stomach traps air, food, and water in the stomach. The bloated stomach obstructs veins in the abdomen, leading to low blood pressure, shock, and damage to internal organs. The combined effect can quickly kill a dog.
Bloat requires immediate veterinary intervention and most likely surgery to correct the stomach torsion.
Some symptoms of bloat are:
Attempts to vomit (usually unsuccessful); may occur every 5-30 minutes
- This seems to be one of the most common symptoms & has been referred to as the “hallmark symptom”
- “Unsuccessful vomiting” means either nothing comes up or possibly just foam and/or mucous comes up
- Some reports say that it can sound like a repeated cough
Significant anxiety and restlessness
- One of the earliest warning signs and seems fairly typical
“Hunched up” or “roached up” appearance
- This seems to occur fairly frequently
Lack of normal gurgling and digestive sounds in the tummy
- Many dog owners report this after putting their ear to their dog’s tummy.
- If your dog shows any bloat symptoms, you may want to try this immediately.
Bloated abdomen that may feel tight (like a drum)
- Despite the term “bloat,” many times this symptom never occurs or is not apparent
Other symptoms (just because your dog is doing this does not necessarily mean he has bloat)
- Pale or off-color gums - Dark red in early stages, white or blue in later stages
- Coughing
- Unproductive gagging
- Heavy salivating or drooling
- Foamy mucous around the lips, or vomiting foamy mucous
- Unproductive attempts to defecate
- Whining
- Pacing
- Licking the air
- Seeking a hiding place
- Looking at their side or other evidence of abdominal pain or discomfort
- May refuse to lie down or even sit down
- May stand spread-legged
- May curl up in a ball or go into a praying or crouched position
- May attempt to eat small stones and twigs
- Drinking excessively
- Heavy or rapid panting
- Shallow breathing
- Cold mouth membranes
- Apparent weakness; unable to stand or has a spread-legged stance - Especially in advanced stage
- Accelerated heartbeat - Heart rate increases as bloating progresses
- Weak pulse
- Collapse
According to the links below, it is thought that the following may be the primary contributors to bloat.
Stress
- Dog shows, mating, whelping, boarding, change in routine, new dog in household, etc.
- Although purely anecdotal, we’ve heard of too many cases where a dog bloated after another dog (particularly a 3rd dog) was brought into the household; perhaps due to stress regarding pack order.
Activities that result in gulping air
- Eating habits, especially…
- Elevated food bowls
- Rapid eating
- Eating dry foods that contain citric acid as a preservative (the risk is even worse if the owner moistens the food)
- Eating dry foods that contain fat among the first four ingredients
Insufficient pancreatic enzymes, such as Trypsin (a pancreatic enzyme present in meat)
- Dogs with untreated Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) and/or Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) generally produce more gas and thus are at greater risk
Dilution of gastric juices necessary for complete digestion by drinking too much water before or after eating
Eating gas-producing foods (especially soybean products, brewer’s yeast, and alfalfa)
Drinking too much water too quickly (can cause gulping of air)
Exercise before and especially after eating
Heredity
- Especially having a first-degree relative who has bloated
Gas is associated with incomplete digestion
Build & Physical Characteristics
Having a deep and narrow chest compared to other dogs of the same breed
Older dogs
Big dogs
Males
Being underweight
Disposition
Fearful or anxious temperament
Prone to stress
History of aggression toward other dogs or people
Some ways to help prevent bloat
Avoid highly stressful situations. If you can’t avoid them, try to minimize the stress as much as possible. Be extra watchful.
- Can be brought on by visits to the vet, dog shows, mating, whelping, boarding, new dog in household, change in routine, etc. Revised
Do not use an elevated food bowl
Do not exercise for at least an hour (longer if possible) before and especially after eating
- Particularly avoid vigorous exercise and don’t permit your dog to roll over, which could cause the stomach to twist
Do not permit rapid eating
Feed 2 or 3 meals daily, instead of just one
Do not give water one hour before or after a meal
- It dilutes the gastric juices necessary for proper digestion, which leads to gas production.
Always keep a product with simethicone (e.g., Mylanta Gas (not regular Mylanta), Phazyme, Gas-X, etc.) on hand to treat gas symptoms.
- Some recommend giving your dog simethicone immediately if your dog burps more than once or shows other signs of gas.
- Some report relief of gas symptoms with 1/2 tsp of nutmeg or the homeopathic remedy Nux moschata 30
Allow access to fresh water at all times, except before and after meals
Make meals a peaceful, stress-free time
When switching dog food, do so gradually (allow several weeks)
Do not feed dry food exclusively
Feed a high-protein (>30%) diet, particularly of raw meat
If feeding dry food, avoid foods that contain fat as one of the first four ingredients
If feeding dry foods, avoid foods that contain citric acid
- If you must use a dry food containing citric acid, do not pre-moisten the food
If feeding dry food, select one that includes rendered meat meal with bone product among the first four ingredients
Reduce carbohydrates as much as possible (e.g., typical in many commercial dog biscuits)
Feed a high-quality diet
- Whole, unprocessed foods are especially beneficial
Feed adequate amount of fiber (for commercial dog food, at least 3.00% crude fiber)
Add an enzyme product to food (e.g., Prozyme)
Include herbs specially mixed for pets that reduce gas (e.g., N.R. Special Blend)
Avoid brewer’s yeast, alfalfa, and soybean products
Promote an acidic environment in the intestine
- Some recommend 1-2 Tbs of Aloe Vera Gel or 1 Tbs of apple cider vinegar given right after each meal
Promote “friendly” bacteria in the intestine, e.g. from “probiotics” such as supplemental acidophilus
- Avoids fermentation of carbohydrates, which can cause gas quickly.
- This is especially a concern when antibiotics are given since antibiotics tend to reduce levels of “friendly” bacteria. [Note: Probiotics should be given at least 2-4 hours apart from antibiotics so they won't be destroyed.]
Don’t permit excessive, rapid drinking
- Especially a consideration on hot days
Here are some links for more information about bloat:
http://www.raidthewind.com/bloat.htm
http://www.vet.purdue.edu/epi/bloat.htm
http://www.vet.purdue.edu/epi/dietrisk.htm
http://elmo.mediadesign.cptc.edu/mark/cbrodka/due_jun13final/pdf/idbloatbroch.pdf
http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_bloat.html
http://www.greatdanelady.com/articles/bloat_and_torsion_is_nutrition_a_factor.htm
http://www.showzymes.com/prevention.htm
There are many more resources out there concerning this killer. Please take a little time and learn about the risks to your Malamute and how to prevent bloat from happening.


